#essay
The Mathematics of Anger

№ 2026.Jul.18-004

essayalgorithmsangerplatformsnegativity biasattention economyemotional commodity

The Mathematics of Anger

Liutao Hu

Facebook admitted it cannot distinguish between anger-inducing content and genuinely interesting content: their data patterns look too similar. This is not an algorithmic flaw. It is a structural problem, locked in place by commercial incentives, sitting at the intersection of human neurology. And the most unsettling part: we may be actively seeking to be angered.

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When Humans Become Useless

№ 2026.Jul.18-005

essayWeberinstrumental rationalityvalue rationalityAGIbureaucracyiron cage

When Humans Become Useless

Liutao Hu

Weber said modern humans are trapped in the iron cage of instrumental rationality. But if AGI renders humanity entirely "useless" in the dimension of efficiency, would the cage unlock itself? A seductive deduction, but upon closer examination, the cage's structure is more complex than it appears. And the real question may be: once all uncertainty is smoothed away by AI, will humans still *want* freedom?

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The Wall and the Cable Car

№ 2026.Jul.18-006

essayAIacademiaknowledge productioncredit systemtacit knowledgeinstitutional isomorphism

The Wall and the Cable Car

Liutao Hu

Academia has an almost instinctive aversion to outsiders. This isn't pure arrogance. An insider's identity is a form of "credit credential," anchored in institutional titles, peer review, and citation networks. AI is disrupting this credit system: it produces formally professional texts without an accountable "author." This is not a crisis for academia. It is a stress test.

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The Tyranny of the Future

№ 2026.Jul.13-001

essayphilosophyfuturelegitimacypolitics-of-timelongtermism

The Tyranny of the Future

Liutao Hu

Modern life is saturated with a structure of argument: the moment you say "for the future," the burden of proof shifts automatically to the one who demurs. 996, austerity, ecological costs — all of it obtains a default moral free pass by virtue of the word "future." But by what right does the future rule the present? Whence its legitimacy?

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